Beliefs of Buddhism

Title of Article: Buddhism 
Database: World History in Context

Many would believe that there is only Buddhism and that's it. This is what I thought just a few weeks ago before I began my research. Then I found that there are many different types of Buddhism that are shared around the world that all share many of the same viewpoints but also differ in opinions on main topics of the original Buddhist teachings.

https://www.pinterest.com/carolinafuens/zen-buddhism/

3 Key Questions About Article:

1. What is the “Eightfold Path”?

It is said that the fourth noble truth “pointed to the path that brings about the cessation of suffering, often referred to as the Eightfold Path”. It includes

1. right view

2. right intention

3. right speech

4. right conduct

5. right livelihood

6. right effort

7. right mindfulness

8. right concentration

It helps to avoid self-denial and self-indulgence. It also leads individuals to recognize that everything is temporary. The different parts can be grouped into three main groups: moral precepts, concentration, and wisdom. Moral precepts include ideas against killing, stealing, intoxication, ect. These moral precepts are commonly accepted by most Buddhists. Concentration is all about different forms of meditation involving focus on breathing and discipline of the mind. Wisdom is about eliminating desires and ignorance and having the goal to achieve enlightenment.

2. What are the major Buddhist traditions?

The history of Buddhism began with Siddartha Gautama. He is known as a historical figure that passed down the foundations of Buddhist philosophy and practice. There are three major traditions of Buddhism. The Theravāda, meaning “doctrine of the elders”, tradition follows Buddha’s original teachings strictly. In following this, they believe that everyone should follow the historical Buddha’s example and reach self-enlightenment through self-effort. Also, ritual and meditation help to gain worthiness or to ensure an improved life when reincarnated or help to improve their current situations. Then, there is also Mahāyāna, which believes in the possibility of there being multiple buddhas existing at the same time. They also strongly believe in a sense of communal responsibility rather than Theravāda tradition, which focuses more on your self-effort. The third major tradition of Buddhism is Vajrayāna, which says that you can achieve enlightenment during this lifetime. This is different from the other two traditions which say that you can reach enlightenment by going down a long path.

3. What is modern Buddhism?

Zen Buddhism, which focuses on meditating, has been a more popular type of Buddhism nowadays. There is also Pure Land Buddhism, which says that if you worship Amida Buddha, you will reach enlightenment. Lastly, there is “Socially Engaged Buddhism”, in which followers join Buddhism on behalf of various causes and address social issues.

Analysis: I had no idea that there were so many different groups of Buddhism. I thought everyone who was Buddhist shared the same ideas. Although the Eightfold Path is a concept created by Buddha, I feel like people in any religion follow this. Normally, everyone learns to have good morals, be respectful to others, and to try and be selfless. I think that even if it's not what you practice, following the guidelines of the Eightfold Path can help people to improve themselves and become an even better person.

Future Research Question: How does meditation play a role in the Buddhist lifestyle?